Which aging theory describes withdrawal from social roles to maintain social equilibrium?

• A. Individualism
• B. Disengagement
• C. Continuity
• D. Activity

Answer: (B)

Withdrawal from social roles to maintain social equilibrium is the idea behind disengagement theory. This view suggests that aging involves a natural, mutual process where older adults gradually step back from various roles and activities, and society reduces expectations of them. By easing the demands placed on both the individual and the community, resources can be shifted and life can move toward a quieter transition as death approaches. It frames this withdrawal as a purposeful mechanism to preserve balance within social systems.

In contrast, staying actively engaged and pursuing ongoing roles aligns with Activity Theory, which would interpret continued participation as contributing to satisfaction. Continuity Theory emphasizes preserving consistent patterns and identities from earlier life, rather than withdrawing. Individualism isn’t a standard gerontologic theory describing this social withdrawal pattern.